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Energy storage batteries: the key to a sustainable future

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Battery energy storage, also known as battery energy storage systems (BESS), are devices that play a key role in integrating renewable energy sources such as solar and wind into electricity grids. They allow the energy produced to be stored and used later when the need for electricity is greatest.

How do energy storage batteries work?

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are considerably more complex than the conventional batteries we use in everyday life. They involve both hardware and software to manage the charging and discharging processes.

Basic steps:

  1. Charging: the system is charged with electricity generated from renewable sources such as the sun and wind.
  2. Intelligent software: Specialised software with algorithms monitors energy production and decides when to store excess energy and when to feed it back into the grid.
  3. Optimised feed-in: The system feeds stored energy to the grid during times of peak demand, helping to reduce costs and ensure a stable power supply.

The main components of BESS

Lithium-ion batteries:

Lithium-ion batteries, the same as those in mobile phones and electric cars, are the leading energy storage technology in large power plants. They offer high energy density and long lifetimes, making them ideal for use in renewable energy storage systems.

PCS (Power Conversion System):

A PCS is a bidirectional AC/DC device that converts electrical current from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and vice versa. Its main function is to charge the battery and supply electricity to the grid.

Battery system:

Batteries are the heart of the system. The main technology used is lithium iron phosphate cells which are more stable and efficient.

BMS (Battery Management System):

A battery management system that ensures safety and optimized operation by monitoring parameters such as temperature, current, voltage and charge/discharge.

EMS (Energy Management System):

A hardware-software system that continuously monitors and analyzes the performance of the entire storage system to optimize efficiency.

Electrical dashboard:

Manages the flow of electricity between the storage system, the power grid and the consumers.

How exactly does the battery energy storage system work?

Charging: During periods of high renewable generation, excess electricity is directed to the BESS where it is stored in multiple batteries.

Energy Conversion: BESS use AC/DC converters to convert incoming AC electricity to DC for efficient storage in solar cells.

Discharge: When electricity demand is high or renewable generation is low, the BMS triggers the BESS to switch from charge mode to discharge mode, with the stored DC electricity being converted back to AC using inverters and fed back into the grid.

Energy storage batteries play an important role in the transition to a sustainable energy system. They enable better management of renewable energy sources, ensuring the stability and reliability of electricity grids. As technology advances, we expect these systems to become even more efficient and widespread, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.

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